Improvement and decline in health status from late middle age: modeling age-related changes in deficit accumulation.
نویسندگان
چکیده
In a prospective multi-panel cohort study, we investigated how, from late middle age, individuals' health status improves or declines. In the Canadian National Population Health Survey, transition probabilities between different health states were estimated for 4330 people (58.8% women) aged 55+ at baseline over 2-year intervals from 1994 to 2000. Health status was defined by a deficit count, using 33 health-related variables combined in a frailty index. For each time interval, the chance of accumulating deficits increased linearly with the number of deficits. Older survivors (aged 70-85) showed a slightly lower chance of stability or improvement (52%; 95% confidence interval 50-54%) compared with those in late middle age (56%; 54-58%). Changes in health states can be described with high accuracy (R2=0.92) by a modified Poisson distribution, using four parameters: the background odds of accumulating additional deficits, the chance of incurring more or fewer deficits, given the existing number, and the corresponding probabilities of dying. An age-invariant limit to deficit accumulation was observed at 22 deficits. From late middle age, transitions in health states occur with a regularity that is easily modeled. Improvements in health can occur at any age. At all ages, there is a limit to deficit accumulation.
منابع مشابه
A cross-national study of transitions in deficit counts in two birth cohorts: implications for modeling ageing.
Generally, health does not improve with age, and many physical and physiological functions are known to decline. These changes do not occur uniformly, however; for many reasons, some people experience significant improvement in their health over non-trivial time intervals. Earlier, we showed that 5-year transitions in health status in elderly people (age 65+ years) can be modeled as a stochasti...
متن کاملTransitions in cognitive test scores over 5 and 10 years in elderly people: Evidence for a model of age-related deficit accumulation
BACKGROUND On average, health worsens with age, but many people have periods of improvement. A stochastic model provides an excellent description of how such changes occur. Given that cognition also changes with age, we wondered whether the same model might also describe the accumulation of errors in cognitive test scores in community-dwelling older adults. METHODS In this prospective cohort ...
متن کاملChange in coping and defense mechanisms across adulthood: longitudinal findings in a European American sample.
This study examined longitudinal changes in coping and defense mechanisms in an age- and gender-stratified sample of 392 European American adults. Nonlinear age-related changes were found for the coping mechanisms of sublimation and suppression and the defense mechanisms of intellectualization, doubt, displacement, and regression. The change trajectories for sublimation and suppression showed t...
متن کاملThe University of Bradford Institutional Repository
This study examined longitudinal changes in coping and defense mechanisms in an ageand genderstratified sample of 392 European-American adults. Nonlinear age-related changes were found for the coping mechanisms of sublimation and suppression and the defense mechanisms of intellectualization, doubt, displacement, and regression. The change trajectories for sublimation and suppression showed that...
متن کاملMeasuring online health information seeking skills and its related factors in a middle-aged population
Background: Internet is an important source of online health information seeking. Middle-aged people, may face more health-threatening challenges if they lack seeking skills. Therefore, the evaluation of seeking skills on health information in middle-aged people needs to be further studied. Objectives: The purpose of this paper was to examine the Online Health Information-Seeking Skills (OHISS...
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید
ثبت ناماگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید
ورودعنوان ژورنال:
- Experimental gerontology
دوره 42 11 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2007